Temporay Log sukh-dukh aur Zindagi

Zindagi ke aare-tirche mor par kayin temporary logon se paala parta hai,kuch khusiyan dete hai,kuch dil dukhaate hai phir end me chale jaate hai.Kuch milkar takleef dete hai,kuch bichadne par takleef dete hai.Kuch logon ke aapki zindagi me aane ka maqsad hi aapko takleef dena hota hai aur kuch log jab jaate hai zindagi se to takleef hoti hai q ye shaksh mujhse q bichad raha hai....kya haalaat kuch aur nahi ho skta.Ye soch-sochkar ham apna dil dukha lete hai jo ki bilkul ghalat hai...hame ye sochna chahiye ki wo takleef bhi to temporary hi hai bilkul un temporary logon ki tarah.Iss takleef ko bhi aana hai aur chale jaana hai .Waqt har dard ki dawa hai.

Zindagi ka falsafa bhi kuch aisa hi hai doston.Agar zindagi ek machalti hui nadi hai to sukh aur dukh iske do kinaare hai.Sukh ko bhi aana aur chale jaana hau ,dukh ko bhi aana aur chale jaana hai.Bas yaadein baaki rah jaani hai.Apni zindagi ki Kitaab me ham kin yaadon ko jagah dete hai wo sirf aur sirf ham par depend karta hai.Hamari zindagi ki meaning wo temporary log nahi tay kar skte.Unka jo part tha unhone play kiya aur chale gaye.Unki di hui takleef ko apni yaadon ke panno me jagah dena nihayat bewakoofi hai aur hame har haal me iss bewakoofi se bachne ki kosish karni chahiye.

Baaki phir kabhi.....

✍️✍️✍️

~Munna khan Ghaznawi

The Glorious Qur'an ❤️

السلام علیکم ورحمت اللہ وبرکاتہ محترم ممبران بہت ہی عمدہ لنک ہے آپ جس سورة پر  ٹچ کریں گے اس پارہ کی تلاوت مع ترجمہ شروع ہوجایگی

 1 - Surah Al-Fatihah https://www.dawateislami.net/medialibrary/32903 

2 - Surah Al-Baqarah https://www.dawateislami.net/medialibrary/32904

3 - Surah Aal-e-Imran https://www.dawateislami.net/medialibrary/32905

 4 - Surah An-Nisa https://www.dawateislami.net/medialibrary/32906

5 - Surah Al-Maidah  https://www.dawateislami.net/medialibrary/32907 

6 - Surah Al-Anaam   https://www.dawateislami.net/medialibrary/32908

7 - Surah Al-Araf  https://www.dawateislami.net/medialibrary/32909 

8 - Surah Al-Anfaal   https://www.dawateislami.net/medialibrary/32910

9 - Surah At-Taubah  https://www.dawateislami.net/medialibrary/32911

10 - Surah Yunus   https://www.dawateislami.net/medialibrary/32912

11 - Surah Hood  https://www.dawateislami.net/medialibrary/32913

12 - Surah Yusuf https://www.dawateislami.net/medialibrary/32914

13 - Surah Ar-Rad https://www.dawateislami.net/medialibrary/32915

 14 - Surah Ibraheem https://www.dawateislami.net/medialibrary/32916

15 - Surah Al-Hijr  https://www.dawateislami.net/medialibrary/32917

16 - Surah An-Nahl https://www.dawateislami.net/medialibrary/32918

17 - Surah Bani Israel https://www.dawateislami.net/medialibrary/32919

18 - Surah Al-Kahf https://www.dawateislami.net/medialibrary/32920

19 - Surah Maryam https://www.dawateislami.net/medialibrary/32921

20 - Surah Taahaa https://www.dawateislami.net/medialibrary/32922

21 - Surah Al-Anbiyah  https://www.dawateislami.net/medialibrary/32932 

22 - Surah Al-Hajj https://www.dawateislami.net/medialibrary/32923

23 - Surah Al-Muminoon https://www.dawateislami.net/medialibrary/32924

24 - Surah An-Noor https://www.dawateislami.net/medialibrary/32925

25 - Surah Al-Furqan https://www.dawateislami.net/medialibrary/32926

26 - Surah Ash-Shuara https://www.dawateislami.net/medialibrary/32927

27 - Surah An-Naml https://www.dawateislami.net/medialibrary/32928

28 - Surah Al-Qasas https://www.dawateislami.net/medialibrary/32929

29 - Surah Al-Ankaboot https://www.dawateislami.net/medialibrary/32930

30 - Surah Ar-Room https://www.dawateislami.net/medialibrary/32931

31 - Surah Luqman  https://www.dawateislami.net/medialibrary/33131

32 - Surah As-Sajdah https://www.dawateislami.net/medialibrary/33132

33 - Surah Al-Ahzaab https://www.dawateislami.net/medialibrary/33133

34 - Surah Saba https://www.dawateislami.net/medialibrary/33134

35 - Surah Faatir https://www.dawateislami.net/medialibrary/33135

36 - Surah Yaseen https://www.dawateislami.net/medialibrary/33136

37 - Surah As-Saffaat https://www.dawateislami.net/medialibrary/33137

38 - Surah Saad  https://www.dawateislami.net/medialibrary/33138

39 - Surah Az-Zumar https://www.dawateislami.net/medialibrary/33139

40 - Surah Ghaafir https://www.dawateislami.net/medialibrary/33140

41 - Surah Fussilat https://www.dawateislami.net/medialibrary/33141

42 - Surah Ash-Shura https://www.dawateislami.net/medialibrary/33142

43 - Surah Az-Zukhruf https://www.dawateislami.net/medialibrary/33143

44 - Surah Ad-Dukhan https://www.dawateislami.net/medialibrary/33144

45 - Surah Al-Jaasiyah https://www.dawateislami.net/medialibrary/33145

46 - Surah Al-Ahqaaf https://www.dawateislami.net/medialibrary/33146

47 - Surah Muhammad https://www.dawateislami.net/medialibrary/33147

48 - Surah Al-Fath https://www.dawateislami.net/medialibrary/33148

49 - Surah Al-Hujurat https://www.dawateislami.net/medialibrary/33149

50 - Surah Qaaf  https://www.dawateislami.net/medialibrary/33150

51 - Surah Az-Zariyaat https://www.dawateislami.net/medialibrary/33151

52 - Surah At-Toor https://www.dawateislami.net/medialibrary/33152

53 - Surah An-Najm https://www.dawateislami.net/medialibrary/33153

54 - Surah Al-Qamar https://www.dawateislami.net/medialibrary/33154

55 - Surah Ar-Rahman https://www.dawateislami.net/medialibrary/33155

56 - Surah Al-Waaqiah https://www.dawateislami.net/medialibrary/33156

57 - Surah Al-Hadeed https://www.dawateislami.net/medialibrary/33157

58 - Surah Al-Mujadal

Movies

*** 𝙈𝙮 𝙩𝙤𝙥 150 𝙛𝙖𝙫𝙤𝙪𝙧𝙞𝙩𝙚 𝙛𝙞𝙡𝙢𝙨***

Inspired by Sahin I thought to share my favorite films too. So here it goes

How many of these have u watched? And whats missing from the list

Not ranked, It's in alphabetical order. 

0. Close Up ( all time favorite) by 𝘼𝙗𝙗𝙖𝙨 𝙆𝙞𝙖𝙧𝙤𝙨𝙩𝙖𝙢𝙞

1.  12 Angry Men 𝙗𝙮 𝙎𝙞𝙙𝙣𝙚𝙮 𝙇𝙪𝙢𝙚𝙩

2. 2001 A space Odyssey by 𝙎𝙩𝙖𝙣𝙡𝙚𝙮 𝙆𝙪𝙗𝙧𝙞𝙘𝙠

3. 21 grams by 𝙄𝙣𝙖𝙧𝙧𝙞𝙩𝙪.  

4.400 blows 𝙗𝙮 𝙁𝙧𝙖𝙣𝙘𝙤𝙞𝙨  𝙏𝙧𝙪𝙛𝙛𝙖𝙪𝙩

5. Ali Fear eat the by 𝙍𝙖𝙞𝙣𝙚𝙧 𝙒 𝙁𝙖𝙨𝙨𝙗𝙞𝙣𝙙𝙚𝙧

6. All that Jazz by 𝘽𝙤𝙗 𝙁𝙤𝙨𝙨𝙚

7. Alphaville by 𝙅𝙚𝙖𝙣 𝙇𝙪𝙘 𝙂𝙤𝙙𝙙𝙖𝙧𝙙

8. Amadeus by 𝙈𝙞𝙡𝙤𝙨 𝙁𝙤𝙧𝙢𝙖𝙣

9. Anamolia by 𝘾𝙝𝙖𝙧𝙡𝙞𝙚 𝙆𝙖𝙪𝙛𝙢𝙖𝙣, 𝘿𝙪𝙠𝙚 𝙅𝙤𝙝𝙣𝙨𝙤𝙣

10.Aquarius by 𝙆𝙡𝙚𝙗𝙚𝙧 𝙈𝙚𝙣𝙙𝙤𝙣𝙘𝙖 𝙁𝙞𝙡𝙝𝙤

11. Army of Shadows by 𝙅𝙚𝙖𝙣 𝙋𝙞𝙚𝙧𝙧𝙚 𝙈𝙚𝙡𝙫𝙞𝙡𝙡𝙚

12. Ashes and Diamonds by 𝘼𝙣𝙙𝙧𝙯𝙚𝙟 𝙒𝙖𝙟𝙙𝙖

13. As I was moving ahead occasionally I saw brief glimpse of beauty 𝙗𝙮 𝙅𝙤𝙣𝙖𝙨 𝙈𝙚𝙠𝙖𝙨

14. Au Revoir Les Enfants by 𝙈𝙖𝙡𝙡𝙚 

15. Autumn Afternoon by 𝙊𝙯𝙪

16. The Banishment by 𝙕𝙫𝙮𝙖𝙜𝙞𝙣𝙩𝙨𝙚𝙫

17. Battle of Algiers by 𝙂𝙞𝙡𝙡𝙚 𝙋𝙤𝙣𝙩𝙚𝙘𝙤𝙧𝙫𝙤

18. Bicycle Thieves by 𝘿𝙚 𝙎𝙞𝙘𝙖

19. Bright Summer Day by 𝙀𝙙𝙬𝙖𝙧𝙙 𝙔𝙖𝙣𝙜

20. Burning by 𝙇𝙚𝙚 𝘾𝙝𝙖𝙣𝙜 𝘿𝙤𝙣𝙜

21. Children of Men by 𝘾𝙪𝙖𝙧𝙤𝙣

22. Chunking Express by 𝙒𝙤𝙣𝙜 𝙆𝙖𝙧 𝙒𝙖𝙞

23. City of God 𝙗𝙮 𝙁𝙚𝙧𝙣𝙖𝙣𝙙𝙤 𝙈𝙚𝙞𝙧𝙚𝙡𝙡𝙚𝙨

24. Cleo from 5 to 7 by 𝘼𝙜𝙣𝙚𝙨 𝙑𝙖𝙧𝙙𝙖

25. Cold War by 𝙋𝙖𝙬𝙡𝙞𝙠𝙤𝙬𝙨𝙠𝙞

26. Color of Pomegranates by 𝙋𝙖𝙧𝙖𝙟𝙖𝙣𝙤𝙫

27. Colossal Youth by 𝙋𝙚𝙙𝙧𝙤 𝙘𝙤𝙨𝙩𝙖

28. Columbus by 𝙆𝙤𝙜𝙤𝙣𝙖𝙙𝙖

29. Come and See by 𝙀𝙡𝙚𝙢 𝙆𝙡𝙞𝙢𝙤𝙫

30. Cremator by 𝙅𝙪𝙧𝙖𝙟 𝙃𝙚𝙧𝙯 

31. Dancer in Dark by 𝙇𝙖𝙧𝙨 𝙑𝙤𝙣 𝙏𝙧𝙞𝙚𝙧

32. (The)Dark Knight by 𝙉𝙤𝙡𝙖𝙣

33. Dead Man by 𝙅𝙞𝙢 𝙅𝙖𝙧𝙢𝙪𝙨𝙘𝙝

34. Dead Man's letters by 𝙆𝙤𝙣𝙨𝙩𝙖𝙣𝙩𝙞𝙣 𝙇𝙤𝙥𝙪𝙨𝙝𝙖𝙣𝙨𝙠𝙮

35. Deewar by 𝙔𝙖𝙨𝙝 𝘾𝙝𝙤𝙥𝙧𝙖

36. Dr Strangelove by 𝙆𝙪𝙗𝙧𝙞𝙘𝙠

37. Duvidha by 𝙈𝙖𝙣𝙞 𝙆𝙖𝙪𝙡

38. Ee ma yau by 𝙇𝙞𝙟𝙤 𝙅 𝙋𝙚𝙡𝙡𝙞𝙨𝙚𝙧𝙮

39. Evolution of a Filipino Family by 𝙇𝙖𝙫 𝘿𝙞𝙖𝙯

40. Exorcist by 𝙒𝙞𝙡𝙡𝙞𝙖𝙢 𝙁𝙚𝙞𝙚𝙙𝙠𝙞𝙣

41. Fitzcarraldo by 𝙒𝙚𝙧𝙣𝙚𝙧 𝙃𝙚𝙧𝙯𝙤𝙜

42. Frances Ha by 𝙉𝙤𝙖𝙝 𝘽𝙖𝙪𝙢𝙗𝙖𝙘𝙝

43. French Connection by 𝙒𝙞𝙡𝙡𝙞𝙖𝙢 𝙁𝙧𝙞𝙚𝙙𝙠𝙞𝙣

44. Funny games by 𝙃𝙖𝙣𝙚𝙠𝙚

45. Gangs of Wasseypur by 𝘼𝙣𝙪𝙧𝙖𝙜 𝙆𝙖𝙨𝙝𝙮𝙖𝙥

46. Ghost Story by 𝘿𝙖𝙫𝙞𝙙 𝙇𝙤𝙬𝙚𝙧𝙮

47.Godfather part 2 by 𝘾𝙤𝙥𝙥𝙤𝙡�

48. Godfather by 𝘾𝙤𝙥𝙥𝙤𝙡𝙖

48. Good Morning (Ohio)  by 𝙊𝙯𝙪

49. Grave of Fireflies by 𝙄𝙨𝙖𝙤 𝙏𝙖𝙠𝙖𝙝𝙖𝙩𝙖

50. Groundhog day by 𝙃𝙖𝙧𝙤𝙡𝙙 𝙍𝙖𝙢𝙞𝙨

51. Heat by 𝙈𝙞𝙘𝙝𝙖𝙚𝙡 𝙈𝙖𝙣𝙣

52. Holy Motors by 𝘾𝙖𝙧𝙖𝙭

53. Horse Money by 𝙋𝙚𝙙𝙧𝙤 𝘾𝙤𝙨𝙩𝙖

54. House of Hummingbirds by 𝙆𝙞𝙢 𝘽𝙤 𝙧𝙖

55. Ida by 𝙋𝙖𝙬𝙚𝙡 𝙋𝙖𝙬𝙡𝙞𝙠𝙤𝙬𝙨𝙠𝙞

56. Ikiru by 𝙆𝙪𝙧𝙤𝙨𝙖𝙬𝙖

57. Interstellar by 𝙉𝙤𝙡𝙖𝙣

58. In the mood for love by 𝙒𝙤𝙣𝙜 𝙆𝙖𝙧 𝙒𝙖𝙞

59. In the realm of Senses 𝙗𝙮  𝙉𝙖𝙜𝙞𝙨𝙝𝙖 𝙊𝙨𝙝𝙞𝙢𝙖

60. Ivan's Childhood 𝙗𝙮 𝙏𝙖𝙧𝙠𝙤𝙫𝙨𝙠𝙮 

61. Jaane bhi do Yaaron 𝙗𝙮 𝙆𝙪𝙣𝙙𝙖𝙣 𝙎𝙝𝙖𝙝

61. Jeanne Dialman, 23... By 𝘾𝙝𝙖𝙣𝙩𝙖𝙡 𝘼𝙠𝙚𝙧𝙢𝙖𝙣

62. Kanal by 𝘼𝙣𝙙𝙧𝙯𝙚𝙟 𝙒𝙖𝙟𝙙𝙖

63. Killing of a Chinese bookie by 𝙅𝙤𝙝𝙣 𝘾𝙖𝙨𝙨𝙖𝙫𝙚𝙩𝙚𝙨 

64. Khandhar by 𝙈𝙧𝙞𝙣𝙖𝙡 𝙎𝙚𝙣

65. La Haine by 𝙆𝙖𝙨𝙨𝙤𝙫𝙞𝙩𝙯

66. Landscape in the mist by 𝙏𝙝𝙚𝙤 𝘼𝙣𝙜𝙚𝙡𝙤𝙥𝙤𝙪𝙡𝙪𝙨

67. Last Laugh by 𝙁. 𝙒 𝙈𝙪𝙧𝙣𝙖𝙪

68. Last year in Marienbad by 𝘼𝙡𝙖𝙞𝙣 𝙍𝙚𝙣𝙨𝙖𝙞𝙨

69. La Ventura by 𝘼𝙣𝙩𝙤𝙣𝙞𝙤𝙣𝙞

70. Le Circle Rouge by 𝙅𝙚𝙖𝙣 𝙋𝙞𝙚𝙧𝙧𝙚 𝙈𝙚𝙡𝙫𝙞𝙡𝙡𝙚

71. Le Samourai 𝙗𝙮 𝙅𝙚𝙖𝙣 𝙋𝙞𝙚𝙧𝙧𝙚 𝙈𝙚𝙡𝙫𝙞𝙡𝙡𝙚

72. Le Trou by 𝙅𝙖𝙘𝙦𝙪𝙚𝙨 𝘽𝙚𝙘𝙠𝙚𝙧

73. Loveless by 𝙕𝙫𝙮𝙖𝙜𝙞𝙣𝙩𝙨𝙚𝙫

74. M by 𝙁𝙧𝙞𝙩𝙯 𝙇𝙖𝙣𝙜

75. Masaan by 𝙉𝙚𝙚𝙧𝙖𝙟 𝙂𝙝𝙖𝙮𝙬𝙖𝙣

76. Match Factory Girl by 𝘼𝙠𝙞 𝙆𝙖𝙪𝙧𝙞𝙨𝙢𝙖𝙠𝙞

77. Memories of a murder by Bong Joon Ho

78. Midsommar by 𝘼𝙧𝙞 𝘼𝙨𝙩𝙚𝙧

79. Mirror by 𝙏𝙖𝙧𝙠𝙤𝙫𝙨𝙠𝙮

80. (The)Mirror by 𝙅𝙖𝙛𝙖𝙧 𝙋𝙖𝙣𝙖𝙝𝙞

81. Moment of Innocence  by 𝙈𝙖𝙡𝙝𝙢𝙖𝙡𝙗𝙖𝙛

82. Mon Oncle by 𝙅𝙖𝙘𝙦𝙪𝙚𝙨 𝙏𝙖𝙩𝙞

82. Monologue by 𝘼𝙙𝙤𝙤𝙧 𝙂𝙤𝙥𝙖𝙡𝙖𝙠𝙧𝙞𝙨𝙝𝙣𝙖𝙣

83. Mouth Agape by 𝙈𝙖𝙪𝙧𝙞𝙘𝙚 𝙋𝙞𝙖𝙡𝙖𝙩

84. Murmur of the Heart by 𝙇𝙤𝙪𝙞𝙨 𝙈𝙖𝙡𝙡𝙚

85. Naked by 𝙈𝙞𝙠𝙚 𝙇𝙚𝙞𝙜𝙝

86. Nebraska by 𝘼𝙡𝙚𝙭𝙖𝙣𝙙𝙚𝙧 𝙋𝙖𝙮𝙣𝙚

87. Norte End of history by 𝙇𝙖𝙫 𝘿𝙞𝙖𝙯

88. One hundred Children waiting for a train by 𝙄𝙜𝙣𝙖𝙘𝙞𝙤 𝘼𝙜𝙪𝙚𝙧𝙤 

89. Our little sister by 𝙆𝙤𝙧𝙚 𝙀𝙙𝙖

90.(A) Page of Madness by 𝙏𝙚𝙞𝙣𝙤𝙨𝙪𝙠𝙚 𝙠𝙞𝙣𝙪𝙜𝙖𝙨𝙖

91. Parasite 𝙗𝙮 𝘽𝙤𝙣𝙜 𝙅𝙤𝙤𝙣 𝙃𝙤

92. Paris Texas by 𝙒𝙞𝙢 𝙒𝙚𝙣𝙙𝙚𝙧𝙨

93. Paterson by 𝙅𝙞𝙢 𝙅𝙖𝙧𝙢𝙪𝙨𝙘𝙝

95. Pather Panchali by 𝙎𝙖𝙩𝙮𝙖𝙟𝙞𝙩 𝙍𝙖𝙮

95. Persona by 𝘽𝙚𝙧𝙜𝙢𝙖𝙣

96. Poetry by 𝙇𝙚𝙚 𝘾𝙝𝙖𝙣𝙜 𝘿𝙤𝙣𝙜

97. Possession 𝙗𝙮 𝘼𝙣𝙙𝙧𝙚𝙯 𝙕𝙪𝙡𝙖𝙬𝙨𝙠𝙞

98. Punch Drunk love 𝙗𝙮  𝙋𝙖𝙪𝙡 𝙏 𝘼𝙣𝙙𝙚𝙧𝙨𝙤𝙣

99. Repo Men by 𝘼𝙡𝙚𝙭 𝘾𝙤𝙭

97. Reservoir Dogs by 𝙏𝙖𝙧𝙖𝙣𝙩𝙞𝙣𝙤

100. Rififi by 𝙅𝙪𝙡𝙚𝙨 𝘿𝙖𝙨𝙞𝙣

101. Russian Ark by 𝙎𝙤𝙠𝙪𝙧𝙤𝙫

102. Satantango by 𝘽𝙚𝙡𝙖 𝙏𝙖𝙧𝙧

103. Scenes from a Marriage by 𝘽𝙚𝙧𝙜𝙢𝙖𝙣

104. (A) Separation by 𝘼𝙖𝙜𝙖𝙧 𝙁𝙖𝙧𝙝𝙖𝙙𝙞

105. Seventh Seal by 𝘽𝙚𝙧𝙜𝙢𝙖𝙣

106. Shame by 𝙎𝙩𝙚𝙫𝙚 𝙈𝙘𝙌𝙪𝙚𝙚𝙣

107. (The)Shining by 𝙆𝙪𝙗𝙧𝙞𝙘𝙠

108. Shoplifters by 𝙆𝙤𝙧𝙚 𝙀𝙙𝙖

109.Some like it hot by 𝘽𝙞𝙡𝙡𝙮 𝙒𝙞𝙡𝙙𝙚𝙧

110. Son of Saul by 𝙇𝙖𝙨𝙯𝙡𝙤 𝙉𝙚𝙢𝙚𝙨

111. Spring Summer Fall winter & spring by 𝙆𝙞𝙢 𝙆𝙞 𝘿𝙪𝙠

112. Stalker by 𝙏𝙖𝙧𝙠𝙤𝙫𝙨𝙠𝙮

113. Still Life 𝙗𝙮 𝙅𝙞𝙖 𝙕𝙝𝙖𝙣𝙜𝙠𝙚

114. Still Walking by 𝙆𝙤𝙧𝙚 𝙀𝙙𝙖

114. Story (Katha)  by 𝙎𝙖𝙞 𝙋𝙖𝙧𝙖𝙣𝙟𝙖𝙥𝙚

115. Sympathy for lady Vengeance by 𝙋𝙖𝙧𝙠 𝘾𝙝𝙖𝙣 𝙒𝙤𝙤𝙠

116. Synecdoche New York by 𝘾𝙝𝙖𝙧𝙡𝙞𝙚 𝙆𝙖𝙪𝙛𝙢𝙖𝙣

117. Taste Of Cherry by 𝙆𝙞𝙖𝙧𝙤𝙨𝙩𝙖𝙢𝙞

118. Taxi Driver by 𝙎𝙘𝙤𝙧𝙨𝙚𝙨𝙚

119. The Obscure Object of Desire 𝙗𝙮 𝙇𝙪𝙞𝙨 𝘽𝙪𝙣𝙪𝙚𝙡

120. There was a father by 𝙊𝙯𝙪

121. There will be Blood by 𝙋𝙖𝙪𝙡 𝙏 𝘼𝙣𝙙𝙚𝙧𝙨𝙤𝙣

122. Thief  by 𝙈𝙞𝙘𝙝𝙖𝙚𝙡 𝙈𝙖𝙣𝙣

123. Three Colors White by 𝙆𝙚𝙞𝙨𝙡𝙤𝙬𝙨𝙠𝙞

124. Through the olive by 𝙆𝙞𝙖𝙧𝙤𝙨𝙩𝙖𝙢𝙞

125. Tokyo Story by 𝙊𝙯𝙪

126. Turin Horse 𝙗𝙮 𝘽𝙚𝙡𝙖 𝙏𝙖𝙧𝙧

127. Ugetsu by 𝙈𝙞𝙯𝙤𝙜𝙪𝙘𝙝𝙞

128. Uncle Boonme who can recall past life by 𝘼𝙥𝙚𝙚𝙘𝙝𝙖𝙩𝙥𝙤𝙣𝙜 𝙒𝙚𝙚𝙧𝙖𝙨𝙚𝙩𝙝𝙠𝙪𝙡

129. Unforgiven 𝙗𝙮 𝙀𝙖𝙨𝙩𝙬𝙤𝙤𝙙

130. Vitalina Varela by 𝙋𝙚𝙙𝙧𝙤 𝘾𝙤𝙨𝙩𝙖

131. Voci nel tempo by  𝙁𝙧𝙖𝙣𝙘𝙤 𝙋𝙞𝙖𝙫𝙤𝙡𝙡𝙞

132. Voyage to Cythera by 𝙏𝙝𝙚𝙤 𝘼𝙣𝙜𝙚𝙡𝙤𝙥𝙤𝙪𝙡𝙪𝙨

133.Waltz with Bashir by 𝘼𝙧𝙞 𝙁𝙤𝙡𝙢𝙖𝙣

134. Where's the friends house by 𝙆𝙞𝙖𝙧𝙤𝙨𝙩𝙖𝙢𝙞

135. White Ribbon 𝙗𝙮 𝙈𝙞𝙘𝙝𝙖𝙚𝙡 𝙃𝙖𝙣𝙚𝙠𝙚

136. Wild Pear Tree by 𝙉𝙪𝙧𝙞 𝘽𝙞𝙡𝙜𝙚 𝘾𝙚𝙮𝙡𝙖𝙣

137. Winter light by 𝙄𝙣𝙜𝙢𝙖𝙧 𝘽𝙚𝙧𝙜𝙢𝙖𝙣

138. Winter Sleep by 𝙉𝙪𝙧𝙞 𝘽𝙞𝙡𝙜𝙚 𝘾𝙚𝙮𝙡𝙖𝙣�

139. Woman Under Influence by 𝙅𝙤𝙝𝙣 𝘾𝙖𝙨𝙨𝙖𝙫𝙚𝙩𝙩𝙚𝙨

140. Women on the verge of a nervous breakdown by 𝙋𝙚𝙙𝙧𝙤 𝘼𝙡𝙢𝙖𝙙𝙚𝙫𝙖𝙧

141.  Wind will carry us by 𝙆𝙞𝙖𝙧𝙤𝙨𝙩𝙖𝙢𝙞

141. Apur Sansar by 𝙎𝙖𝙩𝙮𝙖𝙟𝙞𝙩 𝙍𝙖𝙮

142. Yi Yi by 𝙀𝙙𝙬𝙖𝙧𝙙 𝙔𝙖𝙣𝙜

143. You the Living by 𝙍𝙤𝙮 𝘼𝙣𝙙𝙚𝙧𝙨𝙨𝙤𝙣

𝘿𝙞𝙧𝙚𝙘𝙩𝙤𝙧 𝙬𝙞𝙩𝙝 𝙢𝙤𝙧𝙚 𝙩𝙝𝙖𝙣 𝙩𝙬𝙤 𝙛𝙞𝙡𝙢𝙨

1. 𝙠𝙞𝙖𝙧𝙤𝙨𝙩𝙖𝙢𝙞  5

2.  𝘽𝙚𝙧𝙜𝙢𝙖𝙣 4

3. 𝙊𝙯𝙪 4 

4. 𝙋𝙚𝙙𝙧𝙤 𝘾𝙤𝙨𝙩𝙖 3

 5. 𝙆𝙪𝙗𝙧𝙞𝙘𝙠 3

6. 𝙆𝙤𝙧𝙚 𝙀𝙙𝙖 3

7. 𝙅𝙚𝙖𝙣 𝙋𝙞𝙚𝙧𝙧𝙚 𝙈𝙚𝙡𝙫𝙞𝙡𝙡𝙚 3

8. 𝙏𝙖𝙧𝙠𝙤𝙫𝙨𝙠𝙮 3

𝘿𝙞𝙧𝙚𝙘𝙩𝙤𝙧 𝙬𝙞𝙩𝙝 𝙩𝙬𝙤 𝙛𝙞𝙡𝙢𝙨

𝙀𝙙𝙬𝙖𝙧𝙙 𝙔𝙖𝙣𝙜

 𝙎𝙖𝙩𝙮𝙖𝙟𝙞𝙩 𝙧𝙖𝙮

𝙅𝙤𝙝𝙣 𝘾𝙖𝙨𝙨𝙖𝙫𝙚𝙩𝙩𝙚𝙨

𝙉𝙪𝙧𝙞 𝘽𝙞𝙡𝙜𝙚 𝘾𝙚𝙮𝙡𝙖𝙣

𝙈𝙞𝙘𝙝𝙖𝙚𝙡 𝙃𝙖𝙣𝙚𝙠𝙚

𝙏𝙝𝙚𝙤 𝘼𝙣𝙜𝙚𝙡𝙤𝙥𝙤𝙪𝙡𝙪𝙨

𝘽𝙚𝙡𝙖 𝙏𝙖𝙧𝙧

𝙋𝙖𝙪𝙡 𝙏 𝘼𝙣𝙙𝙚𝙧𝙨𝙤𝙣

𝘾𝙝𝙖𝙧𝙡𝙞𝙚 𝙆𝙖𝙪𝙛𝙢𝙖𝙣

𝙇𝙚𝙚 𝘾𝙝𝙖𝙣𝙜 𝘿𝙤𝙣𝙜

𝙅𝙞𝙢 𝙅𝙖𝙧𝙢𝙪𝙨𝙘𝙝

𝙇𝙖𝙫 𝘿𝙞𝙖𝙯

𝙇𝙤𝙪𝙞𝙨 𝙈𝙖𝙡𝙡𝙚

𝙕𝙫𝙮𝙖𝙜𝙞𝙣𝙩𝙨𝙚𝙫

𝙉𝙤𝙡𝙖𝙣

𝙁𝙧𝙖𝙣𝙘𝙞𝙨 𝙁𝙤𝙧𝙙 𝘾𝙤𝙥𝙥𝙤𝙡𝙖

𝘼𝙣𝙙𝙧𝙯𝙚𝙟 𝙒𝙖𝙟𝙙𝙖

𝙋𝙖𝙬𝙡𝙞𝙠𝙤𝙬𝙨𝙠𝙞

𝘽𝙤𝙣𝙜 𝙅𝙤𝙤𝙣 𝙃𝙤

𝙒𝙤𝙣𝙜 𝙆𝙖𝙧 𝙒𝙖𝙞

𝙒𝙞𝙡𝙡𝙞𝙖𝙢 𝙁𝙧𝙞𝙚𝙙𝙠𝙞𝙣

~Rahul Ranjan bhai

Bhaijaan ❤️

अगर नज़र इतिहास पर डाला जाए तो कांग्रेस पर जब स्वराजिस्ट हावी होने लगे और 1907 में सूरत में गरम दल और नरम दल के बीच कांग्रेस बाख गयी तो एक निहायत दूरदर्शी नेता राष्ट्रपिता महात्मा गांधी ने कांग्रेस की बागडोर सम्हाली और स्वराजिस्ट और मुस्लिम लीग से हाथ मिलाकर 1916 में हिन्दू-मुस्लिम एकता की बुनियाद रखी और कांग्रेस-स्वराजिस्ट-लीग को एकजुट करके स्वतंत्रता आंदोलन की मार्ग प्रसस्थ की।

इसके बाद कईं ऐसे मौके आये जहाँ अन्य दलों की अलग गुट बनकर कांग्रेस को चुनौती देने लगे ।। तब गांधीजी की चमत्कारी लीडरशिप ने कांग्रेस के उन लीडर्स पर भरोसा जताया जो विरोधियों के समान ही विचार रखते हो लेकिन साथ ही साथ यह भी निश्चित करते हो कि कांग्रेस पार्टी में सभी नेताओं को अपनी बात रखने का हक है एवं ये पार्टी सभी की पार्टी है।। इसमें दो उदाहरण निश्चित तौर पर सामने आते है ।।

1. पहला 20s के दसक में कम्युनिस्ट एवं सोशलिस्ट पार्टियों की लोकप्रियता को कम करने के लिए Jawaharlal Nehru एवं subhash chandra bose जैसे नेताओं पर भरोसा जताना।।
2. दूसरा मुस्लिम लीग और जिन्नाह  की बढ़ती लोकप्रियता और पकड़ की काट निकालने के लिए मौलाना अबुल कलाम आजाद पर भरोसा जताना।।

किशनगंज कांग्रेस को भी ऐसी ऐतिहासिक मिसालों से प्रेरणा लेनी चाहिए और फिलहाल विरोधी पार्टियों से जो युवा पीढ़ी आकर्षित हो रहे है,इस संकट को देखते हुए एवं उसकी तोड़ निकालते हुए इलाके के युवाओं को अहम पदों की ज़िम्मेदारी देकर युद्ध स्तर पर इलाके के युवाओं में युथ कांग्रेस का प्रचार प्रसार करना चाहिए।।

इस सिलसिले की सुरुवात किशनगंज कांग्रेस, Mudassir Nazar भाई को सांसद प्रतिनिधि का पद से सुसज्जित करके कर सकती है।।

~ Mubasshir Aquil Ghaznavi

Gandhi & Ambedkar

"Creation of Pakistan was victory of Jinnah and a loss of congress whereas Non-existence of a separate 'Dalitistan' can be referred to as sensibility of Ambedkar and victory of Gandhi"

According to Indian historical perspective Ambedkar is considered as a "champion of caste-struggle and equality."He had faced many caste-based atrocities throughout his life and after his higher education in UK and USA  he became a staunch critic of the "varna-system" which is the basis of the Hindu Religion.He returned to India around 1925 and his politics started from the "Mahaar sammelan " in a village named "kokal" near the Mumbai(then bombay) in which he was crowned as "Messiah of Dalits".

On the other hand Gandhi  of 1920-22 had already started his war against untouchability which he considered as a cancer to  the hindu society. Although he was in favour of the varna system in the beginning his views on it changed during the later years. The biggest influence on this gradual change of thought in the Mahatama was of Bhimrao Ambedkar.

Earlier politics of Bhimrao ambedkar

Earlier glimpse of Political leadership of Bhimrao ambedkar,which started with the mahaar sammelan,can be seen in the water issue in 1927 which is popularly known as the "mahaar satyagraha".

The kolaba district municaplaity had permitted the dalits to take water from the chavdar lake but the upper-caste hindus or the "swarnas" were gainst this decision.A gathering was called under the leadership of Dr Bhimrao ambedkar and they rushed towards the chavdar lake to take water from it.The leadership act shown during this whole episodes made ambedkar the undisputed leader of the dalits in maharastra.

Now seeing it from the Gandhian perspective his fight against untochability was non-violent whereas mahaar satyagraha resulted into violent clashes between the upper-caste and the lower caste hindus.Moreover leadership of ambedkar was limited in maharastra only whereas Gandhiji had already took the message of equality and abolishment of untouchability in every nook and corner of the country.Infact the only portrait on the dise of the "mahaar satyagraha" was of Mahatma Gandhi and this according to me makes Gandhi a bigger leader of dalits than ambedkar.

Major differences among Gandhi and Ambedkar were that Ambedkar believed in total abolishment of caste-system or the varna-system whereas Gandhi advocated for the varna system as he considered it as an important part of the structure created by the hindu society.secondly indian-swaraj was the main focus of politics of Gandhi and the case of untouchablity and equality among caste was just a small part of his larger struggle for freedom he rather feared that his call for abolishment of the varna system may take the upper-caste hindus away from the freedom struggle whereas Ambedkar believed in the complete abolishment of the varna system and considered it as the root cause of the evil atrocities named untouchablity and according to him in order to get rid of untouchability it was necessary to abolish the varna system.Gandhi never advocated for complete abolishment of varna system whereas Ambedkar was of the view that in order to get rid of untouchablity abolishment of varna system is must because it's the varna system which gives birth to cancer called untouchability.

thirdly Gandhi believed in a society in which everyone was allowed to vote and choose their representative from their area.whereas ambedkar believed in separate electoral college for dalits in which only dalits were allowed to vote for their representative just like the muslims and the sikhs under the leadership of Muslim league and shiromani akali dal respectively. 

Although in 1929 when the separate electoral theory was proposed ambedkar criticised it by giving the argument that there are many countries like greece bulgaria romania yugoslovakia russia where muslims are in minority but there is no concept of separate electoral collage in those countries and hence there is no need of that in India.But again in 1931 he himself was representing the dalit society for a separate electoral collage in the second round-table conference in London.

The second round-table conference remained unresolved and it rather widened the gap between the congress and the minority.Gandhi came back unsatisfied and decided that he wouldn't allow the dalit society to separate itself from the Swaraj movement as it would turn out to be disastrous for India.He wrote a letter to Sir samuel hoare and threatened the goverment that he would sit on a indifinite hunger-strike if the government dares to divide the hindu society by giving separate electoral collages to the dalits.

And then on august 1932 the prime minister of britain ramsay macdonald announced the "communal award" according to which the muslims,sikhs,anglo-indians,christians along with dalits were allowed to have a separate electoral collage for themselves.This can be seen as a victory of Ambedkar.

Legacy of Gandhi

According to the indian perspective of history The Indian Independence movement more or less completely revolves around Mahatma Gandhi.He was born in 1969 studied barristership from London and started law practice in South-Africa. He led an unequal movement of resistence in south-africa against the government,which was based on racial discrimination faced by the black skinned natives in south-africa(1893-1905) .

Meanwhile the political scenario of India was complicated.The Congress was already divided into two during the Surat session in 1907. The moderates were led by the likes of surendranath banerjee,Gopal krishna Gokhale,Raas behari bose etc.While the extremist faction was led by the trio of Bal-Pal-LaL. The Muslim league had already attained separated electoral colleges for them through the Morley-Minto reform and were considered as the British-loyalist along with the moderates of Congress.From this clear void in the political scenario of India ,emerged a leader ,whom the world came to know as "father of India".

Gandhiji's political philosophy can be defined in his own words in just two concepts i.e. 'satyagraha' and 'ahimsa'. He had developed the practice of satyagraha in south-africa itself but the concept of ahimsa based  on the teachings of buddha developed gradually in his active years in India.

Before him the politics of India was confined to the limit of the big cities and towns.The visionary leadership of gandhi took the spirit of independence and resistence to the masses. His scope became pan-indian and inclusive.

He established his sabarmati ashram ahmedabad,gujarat and started his political activities in India.

He led the struggles of champaran satyagraha in bihar and ahemedabad jute mills in gujarat and started his reach among the rural population.

The first ever achievement credited to Gandhi can be the Lucknow-pact in 1916.In which the two biggest party in India,Indian National Congress and Muslim league came together for the sake of the struggle for independence and laid the foundation of hindu-muslim unity among the masses all over India.He even opened the way for the dalits to enter his politics of inclusive India through the practices of banning 'untouchablity' and defining whole Indian population as shudras through his writings and speeches.He reached out to the traders industrialists and zamindars from various parts of India and developed the feeling of the lack of security to their businesses under the foreign rule.

The lucknow pact gave the 1/3rd of seats to the Muslim league and both the parties jointly demanded self-rule in India.The international events like Russian-Revolution and various national movements all over asia after the fall of the mighty ottoman-empire(or caliphate) also motivated the Indian mass for the sttuggle and resistence.The idea of communism and nationalism also motivated the Indian elites and leaders.

The ground implementation of his theory of ahimsa can be seen in the non-cooperation movememt and his idea of inclusive-india religious-tolerance can be seen from his support  to the khilafat movement.

The social scenario of India was very tense before the proclamation of the non-cooperation movement.Mahatma Gandhi with his new brand of politics had already sidelined the liberalist from the political scenario.His was a politics of agitation,boycott,swadeshi and non-cooperation instead of prayers,petition and delegation.The first world  -war and fall of ottoman caliphate had already angered the muslim community and the sikh community had recently faced the tragedy popularly known as the jalianwala-massacre.

The non-cooperation movement came after the declaration of the montagu-chelmsford reform. The british empire had promised self rule to the nationalist before the great war but after the war they just raised some seats in the council and gave the department of education and health in the hands of the elected members while the finance and police department remained under the governor.Congress rejected the reforms in response to it they passed the Rowlatt-act. The nationalists started mass boycott of foreign products and started promoting charkhas.A lot of students left the english colleges and joined the national schools while Gandhi promoted hindu-muslim unity,ahimsa and untouchablity but then an incident named chauri-chaura happend in 1922 and Gandhi took the non-cooperation movement back.This act proves his belief in the concept of ahimsa. Many leaders saw this as an act of weakness and criticised Gandhi. Chitranjan das along with Motilal nehru founded a different party named "swaraj-party".Meanwhile in the trial for the case of violence Gandhi pleaded Guilty and demanded maximum punishment for himself.This selfless act proves his sense of justice and his belief in Independent judiciary system.Gandhi was sentenced to 6 years of imprisionment and the non-cooperation movement came to an end.Turkey elected Mustafa Kamal pasha as their leader and he established a secular state in turkey and abolished the position of khalifa and sultan from turkey thereby killing the khilafat movement.

Gandhis health  deteriorated in jail during the first month of the year 1924.The government pardoned his further imprisionment unconditionally. He moved himself from politics for some time . The swaraj party also dissolved after the death of chitranjan das and motilal nehru's return to the Indian national congress.

The british government appointed the simon commision in 1928 in order to frame rules for India.Not a single Indian was included in this commission. This fascist law was against the theory of swaraj or self-rule. A lot of mass agitations,hartals,boycott mass gatherings broke out all over the country.Which even got instified by police brutality and death of lala lajpat rai by lathicharge.The hindu mahasabha and Muslim league also condemned the simon commission and again every eye was turned towards the best hope they had,Gandhi.

Mahatma Gandhi started the civil disobedience movement by marching from ahmedabad to dandi.His 375 km on-foot march was accompanied by 78 of his companions.Gandhi reached Dandi and broke the salt law and started the civil-disobedience movement.Similar protests were done in other parts of India under the leadership of C.Rajagopalachari, sarojini naidu,Khan abdur ghaffar khan and others.

When the first round table conference was called on november 1930 to discuss the simon-commission ,congress boycotted the conference. The conference without congress was like Ramleela without Ram. Then Governor general of India Lord Irwin approached Gandhi and the Famous Gandhi-Irwin pact was signed.They agreed to release every political prisionors who weren't part of violence and even accepted independent businesses like productivity of salt and other local products.This pact had proved the congress as an equal to the head of state of India.

Congress agreed to attend the second round table conference and choosed Gandhi to represent them in the conference. This confrence came out to be unfruitful and Gandhi returned India unsatisfied and decided to continue the civil disobedience movement.The congress was banned and gandhi was arrested again along with many satyagrahis. Although he managed to come in common terms with Dr bhimrao ambedkar and persuaded him(ambedkar) to surrender his demand for a separate electoral college for dalits but in whole he hadn't achieved anything concrete.The Government of India act 1935 was passed giving all the all india departments to the natives but keeping the monoploies in hands of the governors.Leaders like vittalbhai patel and subhash chandra bose critised Gandhi by calling it a "failure of Leadership".

The 30s of the tweentieth century began with the great depression in america,this affected all the capitalist countries of that time.A lot of people in the capitalist countries became jobless.On the other hand the condition of the socialist country USSR was different they have successfully completed their two 5 year plans of the government. This advancement of the socialist ideologies gave rise to two socialist movements in India i.e. Communist party of India under P.C.Joshi and Socialist party under Ram manohar lohia and jay prakash narayana.

Gandhi in order to counter this rise of socialism appointed Jawaharlal Nehru a centre-left leader as the president of the Indian National Congress in the historic lahore session of congress in 1929.They declared complete-swaraj as their ultimate goal in this very session. The 30s were dominated by Jawaharlal Nehru till 1937.Although the round table confreences failed,the british government decided to pass the Government of India act which every department to the natives but still whole of it's power resided in the hands of the governors in the provinces and the governor general in the centre.Although congress rejected this act yet they decided to took part in the elections in 1937 and won in 7 out of 11 provinces in India.

Then in 1938 the politics of congress shifted towards Subhash Chandra Bose a far-left leader.He was again elected congress president in the year 1939.But Gandhi opposed him and due to this opposition Subhash chandra bose resigned from the Congress despite being elected as it's president.He formed a new party named Forward-bloc and moved his way out congress.The reason behind this this favourotism of Gandhi towards nehru has been explained in detail in the book Nehru & Bose Parallel Lives, written by Rudrangshu Mukherjee.The acceptance of socialism in congress can be seen as awareness and openness of the political philosophy of Gandhi.

When hitler attacked poland and 2nd world-war broke out under the banner of fascism the Gandhi condemned italy germany and japan.Although keeping their support intact towards indian Independence.Gandhi launched the non-violent Quit India movement on 8 August 1942 in the bombay session of congress and gave the nation-lovers the cry of "Do or die".He along with congress leaders were immediately arrested on 9 august and were taken to some unknown place.The Quit India movement became leaderless and soon the leaderless people became violent.The Quit India Movement got crushed by the British goverment but it raised the phenomenon of Nationalism in every citizen in India.

The deadly war ended in 1945 and the british rule had already became unpopular in India.The british had already lost it's control in the heart of the people as well as the peasents and labours.The newly elected labour party was also in favour of the indian independence movement.The Indian Independence act was passed by the british government on 18th july 1947 and India declared it's freedom on 15th august 1947.

In this struggle of three decades Gandhi emerged as a populist,nationalist,tolerant,socialist and secular leader from India.His concept of sarvodaya was based on the ideas of john ruskin.Which defines that upliftment of the state lies in the upliftment of the villages.The social welfare schemes should be made keeping the lastest person on the social structure of the state in mind.He believed in a society based on principles of 'truth' and 'non-violence',A society which is tolerant and inclusive and is equally and independently represented by every person who is a citizen of that socity.But the tragedy is these pure concepts of Gandhi has been reduced to mere words by the politicians of coming age.

Md Mubassir Aquil

3 year law 1st semester.

Turks

I am back again with a New Topic:- Who are Afghans? Why do we call 'Afghanistan' to regions of 'Khorasan'?

To understand the history of 'Afghans', I will take you back to discussion of Turks. As I always and previously said that I write historical notes from Turanian School of History and associate myself with it. Before we discuss the question of Afghan, I would like to discuss the reasons why Turks celebrate "Turan" as a centrifugal force instead of Mongolia (Place of their Origin). 

There had been Three Major Migration of Turkic People on Earth. First Migration (From Mongolia) was kicked off by the call of Oghuz Khan (Europe calls it Barbaric Invasions). Second Migration was kicked off by the Ghaznavids (Founders of Ghaznavid State) in all directions of earth. Third Migration of Turks took place due to the rise of Mongols. 

Oghuz Khan is a legendary figure among Turks and considered Zulqarnain (mentioned in Quran) among Islamic Turkic People. He is descendant of Turk and became a follower of One God (In Turkic Language, call it Tengri). After he became Khan, he preached Tengrism and a civil war broke out between his followers and Shamanist Turks (cousins of Oghuz Khan, one of them was Mogul). He defeated them and pushed them to east. These defeated Shamanist Turks are came to known as "Mongol". 

In 500 AD, Göktürks established a giant Khanate and United all Turkic People including Mongols into it with Buddhism as State Religion but within 100 years, Western Part of Göktürks was annexed in Caliphate. It was the point when Turks became Muslims, these were the Turks living in "Turan". Therefore, Muslim Turks (Turkmen) consider Turan as centrifugal force. And not Mongolia. Turan consists Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Azerbaijan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Pakistan and Afghanistan. 

Ghaznavid State was founded by Mahmood Ghaznavi which was divided into Seljuk Sultanate and Delhi Sultanate. During this time, when Western Göktürk Khanate was annexed into Caliphate, the Eastern Göktürks Khanate became weak and it gave an opportunity for Mongoloids to rise. 

During the rise of Shamanist Mongols, not all Mongolian Turks were Shamanist. Few of them converted to Buddhism and few into Islam. They were being persecuted by Shamanist in their territories. Therefore, they began to migrate (Third Turkic Migration) from there and took refuge in Islamic Turkic Khanate (i.e. Turan). These Islamicised Mongol Refugees in Turan were called 'Afghans'. A Minority of them settled in India while Majority settled in Turan. Few among the Afghan settlers in India also became Sultans like family of Jalal Ud Din Khilji, family of Lodis and family of Sher Shah Suri. 

People who use Surname "Khan" are Afghans? How many types of Khans do we have? I will tell you about it some other time. Do you learn something new from my posts, let me know? Your appreciation keeps me motivated to share my knowledge.

Resurrection

The fall of the Ottoman empire might have many reasons but the fundamental reason was the intellectual decline and the loss of confidence in the Islamic principles. The youth had a perception that they will not progress unless they abandon Islamic principles and choose western values. It was a trap. 

The thing is we can read Socrates, Descartes, Kant, Marx or any thinker we want. When it comes to acquiring knowledge, sky is the limit. However, we must also read Ibn Taymiyyah, Maudoodi, Hamza Andreas Tzortzis, and Al-Ghazali. That's where the modern day Muslims need to work on.

In contrast to what a lot of modern day Muslims often try to do, we shouldn't try to reform Islamic principles and Islamic values. We should try to revive them. Odds are, those who try to reform them never really tried understanding them in the first place.

We revive them by implementing them in our own life. We set standards. We become examples.

We revive them by embracing Islamic characters—by imitating Islamic personalities—despite our flaws. For that, we need to follow the right personalities to start with. We need to stop feeling shy of our faith. We need to have confidence in it.

We must revive the legacy of prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) and the bravery of Khalid ibn al-Walid. 

We must revive the character of Umar (R.A.) and kindness of Abu Bakr (R.A.). 

We must revive the intellect of Malcolm X and resistance of Muhammad Ali.

Via Ahmad Khan

❤️

There are few who misinterpret the words of Allah and commit atrocities against humanity and it's the Islamic countries itself who are fighting them and had almost defeated them out of their respective countries ....but on the other hands the crimes committed by the Liberal Brigade in India,mayanmar,Afghanistan,Libya,syria,egypt,yemen,Iraq are going totally unanswerable to anyone....

Regarding Reformation in Islam I would just like to ask that ...are we more intelligent then the last Prophet of Allah p.b.u.h (who had knowledge of both the worlds), so that we could change the laws given to us by Allah ?

It is stupid to believe that the Creator who created heaven and earth can't give us the ways we must be governed ...

Hope you will quit Islamophobia and will follow the one true way shown by the Almighty Allah ...❤️

Happy birthday

हैप्पी बर्थडे लड़के !! ❤❤😘😘

पता नहीं तुम में ऐसा क्या है जो तुमसे इतनी ज़्यादा मुहब्बत है ! इतनी शिद्दत से तो कभी किसी से मुहब्बत नहीं की मैंने...हमेशा, हर रिश्ते में एक दूरी बनाए रखी लेकिन तुम तो मुझसे ज़्यादा मेरे वजूद का हिस्सा बन गए हो...ख़ुद को तुम से अलग करके देखना भी दुश्वार है मेरे लिए ! बहुत डर लगता है तुम्हारी नाराज़गी से और उससे भी ज़्यादा तुम्हारी ख़ामोशी से ! तुमसे दूर होने के ख़्याल से ही मेरी साँसें रुकने लगती हैं, दिल पागलों की तरह ज़ोर ज़ोर से इस तरह धड़कने लगता है मानों वो पसलियों के पिंजरे को तोड़कर बाहर आ जाएगा, पलकें झपकने से डर लगने लगता है कि कहीं मेरी आँखें बंद हों और तुम मुझसे दूर चले जाओ....

पता है ! तुम्हारे आने से पहले दिल का बोसीदा मकान घुप्प अँधेरे में डूबा, पलस्तर उधड़ी हुई दीवारों, मकड़ियों के जाले लगी छत और जर्जर दरवाज़े का बोझ उठाए बमुश्किल अपनी नींव पे खड़ा था या शायद नींव ही नहीं थी उसकी! दरवाज़े पे पड़े बरसों पुराने ताले की चाभी कहीं बहुत दूर किसी अंधे कुँए में गुम हो चुकी थी...दरवाज़ा बन्द था हमेशा-हमेशा के लिए.....

हो सकता था कि कोई उस दरवाज़े को धक्के देकर गिरा देता और ज़बरदस्ती दाख़िल हो जाता मकान के अंदर लेकिन शायद मकान उसे कभी क़ुबूल नहीं कर पाता उल्टे उसके अंदर का अंधेरा, घुटन और सन्नाटा मज़ीद बढ़ जाता और उस शख़्स के लिए वो जगह नाक़ाबिले बर्दाश्त हो जाती और फिर आख़िरकार वो उकताकर मकान छोड़कर चला जाता........

लेकिन तुम ! तुमने कितने सब्र के साथ दरवाज़े के खुलने का इंतज़ार किया...अपने इश्क़, अपने जज़्बों की हरारत से पिघलाते रहे तुम उस ताले को और तब भी जब के वो ताला पिघलकर गिर पड़ा, तुमने दरवाज़ा नहीं खोला...बस दरवाज़े को हौले-हौले खटखटाते रहे और तुम्हारा इश्क़ अपनी धीमी आवाज़ में पुकारता रहा उस मकान के किसी अँधेरे कमरे में मुद्दतों से सोयी हुई मुहब्बत को...और फिर मोहब्बत ने धीरे से अपनी आंखें खोलीं और काफ़ी देर तक बेयकीनी की सी कैफ़ियत में सुनती रही वो आवाज़ और देखती रही उस आवाज़ के जुगनुओं को चारों ओर फैली अँधेरे की हस्ती से लड़ते हुए ! मोहब्बत हौले से मुस्कुराई, अपना लड़खड़ाता वजूद संभाला और आगे बढ़कर दरवाज़ा खोल दिया और तुम इस तरह चले आए मकान के अंदर जैसे ये मकान हमेशा से सिर्फ़ तुम्हारा ही था ...तुम्हारी आँखों में जलती वफ़ा की कंदीलों से घबराकर बरसों से उस मकान में पैर पसारे बैठा अंधेरा एक कोने में जाकर सिमट गया और उम्मीद के सैकड़ों जुगनू एक साथ टिमटिमा उठे...और तुमने अपने इश्क़ को दिया बनाकर मकान की चौखट पे रख दिया ! 

उस मकान को तुम्हारी आमद ने घर बना दिया....वो घर जहाँ तुम्हारे इश्क़ के काँधे पे सर रखकर बैठी मेरी मोहब्बत आँखें मूँदे भीग रही है तुम्हारी वफ़ा की बारिशों में, कोई बहुत ख़ूबसूरत सपना उसकी पलकों पे ठहरा हुआ है, नन्ही-मुन्नी उम्मीदें फुदक रही हैं उसके इर्द-गिर्द...तुम हो तो इन सबका वजूद है, अगर तुम चले गये तो सब कुछ इस तरह ख़त्म हो जाएगा जैसे अचानक आये ज़लज़ले से पूरी आबादी तहस नहस हो जाती है और बस बचे रह जाते हैं मलबे, लाशें और चीखें जो मलबों से बाहर नहीं जा पातीं......

( तस्वीर पिछले बर्थडे की है, तहरीर उससे भी पिछले बर्थडे की और जज़्बात हर गुज़रते बरस के साथ पहले से ज़्यादा नए, ताज़े और कोरे ...❤❤😌)

Love ❤️(A magical feeling)

The feeling 

when he see her 

and skip some heartbeats

that's love ❤️

And when 

He don't see her

that feeling of 

uneasiness and breathlessness you feel that's love ❤️

And when 

He finally get a glimpse of her 

after a while 

and that feeling of relaxation and calm that's love ❤️

And when 

He is closer to her 

that feeling of 

proudness

that she belongs to you 

and you belong to her 

that's love ❤️

And when 

she is busy 

and he miss her 

and wait for her texts and calls 

hopelessly and then when she calls 

you forget everything 

and start losing yourself

in her beautiful voice 

that's love ❤️

And 

when she doesn't care 

about herself 

and he has to scold her not to take everything lightly 

the feeling of 

responsibility and right above her

that's love ❤️

And then 

when she is sad 

he bents hell down 

to bring that smile 

back in her face 

that's love ❤️

Those endless talks 

countless discussions 

cute little fights 

and the feeling of  

unconditional-foreverness 

that's love ❤️

History of Islamic Empire in South Asia part 4

SERIES ONE  (POST FOUR)

‘’NATURE OF GHAZNAVID STATE: INVADERS OR LIBERATORS’’

This is the fourth post of series one. Series One deals with the foundation of ‘’GHAZNAVID STATE’’, first state of Indian Muslims. In Post One, I have discussed the motives of this series. In Post Two, I have talked about a brief history of Caliphate from State of Medina to Abbasid Revolution- overthrowing the Umayyad Family from the position of Caliphs.  In post three, I have discussed ‘’Persian Renaissance’’, thirst for a Persian State, succession of Persianate Turks in state of Samanid and Ghaznavids’ beginning of battles for the liberation of slaves (Sudras) from slave owners (Brahmans). 

It will be futile to read further if you haven’t understood previous posts of this series yet. I have mentioned links, as follows, for you to connect the Post Four with the previous ones- 

Post 1- 

https://m.facebook.com/story.php?story_fbid=243717003474723&id=100035092741319

Post 2- 

https://m.facebook.com/story.php?story_fbid=243773003469123&id=100035092741319

Post 3- 

https://m.facebook.com/story.php?story_fbid=245797983266625&id=100035092741319

WHAT IS GHAZNA AND GHAZNAVID STATE?

 

Ghazna is a city in present day Afghanistan. In 977, Alp Tegin Bey, a military commander of province of Khorasan, conquered the city. Alp Tegin Bey’s son in law, Subug Tegin Bey, consolidated the rule of Ghazna and founded ‘’State of Ghaznavids’’. Both Alp Tegin Bey and Subug Tegin Bey ruled the Ghaznavid State as a ‘’Beylik’’, but, in the later phase of life, Subug Tegin Bey declared independence and Mahmood, son of Subug Tegin Bey, declared himself a ‘’Sultan’’. He expanded the City-State into a Sultanate, followed by the Muhammad of Ghor who ruled the Ghaznavid state at a peak.   

WHO ARE GHAZNAVIDS?

 

There are many reasons that I disapprove Hindu Historiography (both Liberal and Conservative) and Colonial Muslim Historians. Hindu Historians portrayed arrival of Muslims in India as ‘’invaders, cruel, cunning, looters and barbarian’’. Colonial Muslim Historians wrote to appease/impress Englishmen for petty jobs in government and portrayed the rule of Ghaznavids as ‘’backward, feudal and undemocratic’’. Therefore, I depart from both of these perspectives which, in my opinion, are full of lie, demonising Muslim rule and based on personal hatred for Islam. 

‘’Ghaznavids’’ is not an ordinary group of people. Their struggle was for Allah, Mohammad (PBUH) and Islam. They rose against the tyranny, barbarism and injustice. They didn’t envision rule on a principality or a Kingdom but the earth under a just system. They had no ambitions for imperialism under a family rule. Sanjak (Flag) of Islam was their vision, sky was their tent, and struggle for Allah’s words was their aim of life. They were the extra-ordinary people and gave birth to legendary heroes. In centuries to come after the foundation, a section of Ghaznavids will accomplish the mission to unite the earth under their banner and will be known as ‘’Cihan Padishah’’, the Emperor of World.

  

IS GHAZNAVID A DYNASTY? 

As opposed to Dynastic Rule, Ghaznavids rose with a ‘’New Vision’’ of a group of people, given by the Turks of Ghazna to unite the Fractured Islamic World-due to the wrong policies of Abbasids- and carry the flag of Islam to the far lands. However, majority of the historians are of the opinion that rise of Turks was a climatic event in the world history but Hindu, British and Colonial Muslim Historians wrongly portrayed the Ghaznavids, having no or less knowledge of Turkic Culture and Customs, and labelled them as a ‘’Dynasty’’ (Family Rule). Turkic Polity is based on ‘’Khanate’’, the chief administer is called ‘Khan’’ who is an ‘’Elected Monarch’’ to rule the administration. According to Turkic Historiography, idea of Presidential Form of Government is taken from ‘’Turco-Mongol Khanate’’, for instance, Boomin Khan of Gokturks and Gengiz Khan of Mongoloids.   

POLICY OF SUCCESSION IN STATE OF GHAZNAVIDS AND ROLE OF ‘’KURULTAY’’

Succession in Turkic Khanate was a process by the means of election in grand assembly of all tribes and was called ‘’Kurultay’’ in Turco-Mongol language. Tribal leaders and Beyliks used to play an important role in electing a Sultan and shaping the nomadic sultanate. To understand succession, it is necessary to understand the formation of state. Ghaznavid, or any other state, is not formed by one family but by the people of different tribes. Rule taken by one elected Monarch will pass on to his sons but in case of inefficient Sultans, Kurultay (assembly) will decide the future of state and elect a leader from among them. 

There was no hereditary succession except in cases that succeeding Sultan, son of the sitting Sultan is capable in ruling the state. However, succeeding Sultan could be challenged either through the assembly of emirs, viziers and noblemen (it was practiced in Delhi when Iltutamish was appointed at place of Aram Shah) or through the right of sword; leading to a civil war.  In many cases, ‘’Hereditary Succession’’ became a bone of contention and led to a civil war, leaving the state wounded, stranded and shattered. To avoid Civil Wars, even the ‘’Fratricide laws’’ were framed, as we see in Ottoman State, because the survival of state was foremost.  

POLICY OF LANGUAGE

State of Ghaznavids succeeded Samanid Empire which was a part of Persian Intermezzo. Persianisation of the regions of Khorasan and Transoxiana led to the formation of Turco-Persian Culture. Ghaznavids will retain Persian as a court language in the state except that language of the Military will be ‘’Turkic’’, as mentioned in my previous post that army of Khorasan (which was of Turks) will rebel to the Samanid Rulers. Ghaznavids continued to use Arabic in mosques, Persian as language of court, academics and literature, and Turkic as the language of military. When Turkic speaking army of state will come in contact with Apbhramsha speaking Hindus, a new language will take a shape, Hindustani, in next three centuries of rule which will also become a second language of court after Persian. Popular writers, like Amir Khusro, will kick off formalisation of Hindustani in his writings. In Turkic language, the word ‘’Ordu’’ refers to army and the language spoken by the Turkic Military in India will be known as ‘’Urdu’’, or Zaban E Lashkar or Hindustani.  We will discuss ‘’Development of Urdu’’ with details in upcoming post. 

POLICY OF RELIGION 

As Khorasan and Transoxiana (present day Western Pakistan, Northern Afghanistan, Northern Iran, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Uyguristan) were Turkic Lands, it is necessary to understand the polity, society and culture of the region in order to understand the Ghaznavids. They were the Tengirist, Shamanist and later Buddhist before converting to Islam. During Umayyad, Khorasan and Transoxiana were annexed to Caliphate. Apart from this, these lands are cradle of ‘’Sufism’’, it originated in Persia, culminated among Turks and they carried Sufis with them all over the world. Earliest Turkic Sufi, Khoja Ahmad Yesevi, played an important role in shaping the Turkic World. We will discuss about Sufis in state of Ghaznavids in separate chapter.  

Aren’t you wondered that Muslims in Turkey, Bosnia, Iran (before conversion to Shi’ite), Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Azerbaijan, Uyguristan, Balkans, Palestine, Lebanon, Jordan and Russia are followers of ‘’Imam Abu Hanifa’’, or known as ‘’Hanafi’? During Persian Renaissance, scholars like Ibn E Sina, Al Bruini, Al Firdousi were attracted towards Persianisation of the region. Abu Hanifa Al Numan was a jurist and theologian of ‘’Persian Origin’’ and it was the reason enough to adopt the Jurisprudence of Abu Hanifa for the Persianate Empire. Persianate Turks, successor of Ghaznavids, like the Ottomans, Seljuk, Khwazarshah, Bahri Turkic Empire in Egypt, Mughals and many other dynasties in Turkistan will carry the Islamic Jurisprudence of Imam Abu Hanifa to the far lands as state policy. 

In East of Indus, the word ‘’Hindu’’ was used by the Samanid or Sasanian Empires for the people living on the banks of river Indus. It never referred to ‘’Hindu Religion’’, as we use it today. There was no such religion like Hinduism. India was a land of diversity in ritual and practices. Historically, word ‘Hind’ was used for the geography and ‘Hindu’ was used for the people living in ‘Hind’. After the arrival of Ghaznavids in India, twofold classification emerged - ‘’Turks and Hindus’’. Turks referred to the Muslims and Hindus to the Non-Muslims. Anyone other than Turk/Muslim began to be known as ‘Hindu’. This shift of meaning and practicing it for centuries will give the people of different ideologies a single identity, ‘Hindus’. Later, British will add ‘’ism’’ in this word and these different rituals will collectively come to known as ‘Hinduism’. Unknowingly, the Ghaznavids, and knowingly the British, laid foundation of modern day Hinduism. 

15th century mystic poet, Kabir Das, in his poetry will clear this twofold division- 

"हिन्दू कहें मोहि राम पियारा, तुर्क कहें रहमाना,

आपस में दोउ लड़ी-लड़ी  मुए, मरम न कोउ जाना!"

 

At a time when indigenous people of Indian subcontinent were given a single identity, Turks were taking pride in division on the basis of their homelands. People from Sherwan will be known as Sherwani, Kermani from Kerman, Ghorid from Ghor, Bukhari from Bukhara, Farghali from Farghana, Samarkandi from Samarkand and so on. This division among Turks on the basis of their homeland will transform into Caste System among Muslims. Turkic titular names like Khan, Beg, Mirza, will further strengthen the newly formed caste system. We will discuss about formation of Caste System among Turks in upcoming posts. 

GHAZNAVIDS: INVADERS OR LIBERATORS

British Historians, knowingly, laid the foundation and Hindu Historians constructed their communal agenda on the ruins of City-State Ghazna. The so called ’New World Order’ and ‘Creation of Nation-States’ is a century old hard work of English gentlemen. They occupied earth and created such a discourse that we are still fighting on it, even after dissolution of British Empire. A state, Ghazna, which was idealised by the Persian and Arab Historians, is now a matter of shame for Indian Muslims. First Ghaznavid Sultan, Mahmood was accused of plundering Hindu Temples by the British and they laid foundation of communal feelings, hatred and communal clashes among Hindus and Muslims in India (discourse of Babri Masjid also originated during British). The then Muslim Literatures idealised Sultan Mahmood for his extraordinary expansion from the west of Indus to Ganga which made him popular in Islamic World and this is the basis of British Historians’ discourse of plunders.   

Unfortunately, Muslim Historians, worst kind of opportunists, of the Colonial Era falls in the line with British, however, some of them tried to defend the Ghaznavids but their efforts were futile before the fancy words of English Gentlemen. Our own history was being manipulated, polluted and adulterated in front of us, in our own Red Fort, with support of ‘’Liberal Muslims’’. In absence of Turkic Records of Ghaznavids, so called ‘’Liberal Hindu’’ Academicians manipulated our historical facts as it suits them to communalise the majority. Hindu Communist Historiography will take a lead in creation of this hatred; they believe that Hindu and Muslims were in constant clashes since the Ghaznavids to British. Heroes of Sudras, the so called Dalit Panthers, in post independent India, believe that Sudras were brutally exploited in Ghaznavid State (that ruled from 977 to 1857). 

In my next post, I will discuss about the Expansion and Fracture of State, Successions of Sultans, Division, Successor States of Ghaznavids and Rise of Mongols. As far as the question of Ghaznavids as Liberator or Invader is concerned, I will discuss this question with detail in upcoming posts with reference to Caste System.

History of Islamic empire in South Asia Part 5

SERIES ONE  (POST FIVE)

‘’EXPANSION, FRACTURE AND SUCCESSORS OF GHAZNAVID STATE’’

It will be futile to read further if you haven’t read previous posts of this series yet. I have mentioned links, as follows, for you to connect the Post Five with the previous ones-

Post 1- 

https://m.facebook.com/story.php?story_fbid=243717003474723&id=100035092741319

Post 2-

https://m.facebook.com/story.php?story_fbid=243773003469123&id=100035092741319

Post 3- 

https://m.facebook.com/story.php?story_fbid=245797983266625&id=100035092741319

Post 4-

https://m.facebook.com/story.php?story_fbid=248331879679902&id=100035092741319

‘’’’STATE OF GHAZNAVIDS’’’’

HOUSE OF SUBUG TEGIN  

In 977 AD, Subug Tegin declared independence from Samanid and in 999 AD, Mahmood succeeded Subug Tegin. Although Turkic people were Nomadic but Ghaznavids borrowed administrative and judicial practices from Abbasid Caliphate, except Turkic Military, and will also adopt new practices according to the geography and culture. During reign of Mahmood (999-1030), Ghaznavids prospered in cultural, commercial and intellectual centre. They accepted suzerainty of Abbasid Caliph at Baghdad and hosted scholars like Al-Bruini and Al-Ferdousi. During last four years of Mahmood, expansion in boundaries will take the Oghuz Turks into the state, ancestors of Seljuk and Ottoman Turks. 

After the death of Mahmood, his nominated heir, Muhammad, will assume the position of Sultan but his twin brother, Masud, will rebel, that resulted into a Civil War and overthrowing Muhammad. Due to lack of leadership, his lack of vision and better decision making in Masud, Ghaznavid State began to disintegrate and will be partitioned under the two families between ‘House of Seljuk Bey’ and ‘House of Subug Tegin Bey’. Seljuk Turks were the descendant of Oghuz Turks, living on the North-Western border of State. Seljuk Bey was the leader of a powerful tribe and had converted to Islam and as most of the Oghuz Turks were in Ghaznavid State, Seljuk Turk under leadership of Tughral Bey, grandson of Seljuk Bey, approached Sultan Masud for ‘’permanent settlement’’ in a Turkic State. In response to Tughral Bey’s request, Masud took a foolish decision and sent an army to crush the Seljuk, fearing that powerful Seljuk tribe may intervene in his brotherly rivalry. Seljuk defended the tribe and also defeated the Masud’s army at ‘’Battle of Dandanqan’’, thereby Masud leaving western territories (present day Northern Iran) to Seljuk for permanent settlement.  

 

In frustration of defeat in battle, Masud imprisoned his defeated warriors which created a chaos in army. His reckless decisions led the army to revolt against him. Masud was overthrown and imprisoned. Muhammad was reinstated. In revenge, Masud’s son, Mawdud, assassinated Muhammad and crowned himself a Sultan. Due to this family rivalry, state was disintegrating; Seljuk, Delhi and other Beys in Azerbaijan were acting independently. Meanwhile, Buyid, a Shia Persian Dynasty was threatening existence of Abbasid Caliph in Baghdad. Seeing Ghaznavid State in disarray, Caliph sought help of House of Seljuk to supress the Buyids. In return, Caliph granted Seljuk independent Sultanate but Seljuk still continued working in coordination with Ghaznavid Rulers. 

Sultan Bahram Shah, last ruler in Ghazna, assassinated Qutub Ad Din, brother of Ala Ad Din, in public on minor offense. Ala Ad Din Husaiyn, a Non-Turkic Military Commander, was a Bey in principality of Ghor in Ghaznavid State. On assassination of his brother, he attacked Sultan Bahram Shah and seized capital, Ghazna. To protect Ghazna from Ghorids, Seljuk attacked on Ala Ad Din from west and restored capital for Bahram Shah but he could not hold it for long due to rivalry with Ghor and capital had to shift in Lahore (1163-1186). State was fragmented into two halves; House of Seljuk at West and House of Subug Tegin at East (in present day Pakistan and India). In the middle of Seljuk and Ghaznavid, Ghorids were raiding the territories of both. Ala Ad Din captured the capital of Ghaznavid in Lahore and executed Khusro Malik, the last ruler of House of Subug Tegin. The Great Ghaznavid State fell into the hands of Ghors. House of Ghor was a tiny Non-Turkic family in the Ghaznavid State and usurped the Mighty State, though for short. Harun Al Rashid, Caliph at Baghdad, legitimised the rule of Ghors but their rule soon will be challenged by Anush Tagin, one of the military commanders of Seljuk in Khwarazmian, and Qutb Ad Din Aiybak in Delhi.  

HOUSE OF GHOR

Muiz Ad Din Mohammad, also known as Muhammad Ghori, succeeded the mighty Ghaznavid State ruling from Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, North India, Bangladesh, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. When Muhammad Ghori was assassinated in 1206, it gave Turkmen Military Commanders an opportunity to crush the House of Ghor. From West, House of Khwarazmian, Anush Tagin, and from East, In-charge of Delhi, Qutub Ud Din Aibak, rushed towards Ghazna to capture the Capital. They failed to recapture Ghazna but Anush Tagin declared independence from Ghor and Aiyabak rejuvenated Lahore, the last capital of state and declared independent rule from Lahore. 

‘’’’’’DIVISION OF STATE OF GHAZNAVIDS’’’’’’

House of Ghor fell into a civil strife for succession and had to recognise independent rule of both Anush Tagin and Qutub Ad Din Aiybak. Although the rule of Ghor was short lived and Turkmen successfully recaptured the state but it changed the course of history in east and west. State of Ghaznavids was divided into two halves; House of Anush Tagin at West and House of Aibak in East. 

 

‘’’’STATE OF GHAZNAVIDS AT EAST’’’’

Qutub Ad Din Aiybak, a Military General and in-charge of Delhi was born in Turkestan (an ancient place in Transoxiana). Barbaric Rulers in Central Asia used to capture the Turks and sell them in Caliphate and Byzantines. Muslims in the Caliphate used to buy these slaves and adopt them as their own children. Slaves in Islamic State are no longer Slaves as British Historians write them. Therefore, I have reservations with the usage of word ‘’Slave’’ for succeeding Sultans in Eastern Ghaznavids. Basically, the term ‘’Slave’’ is insulting the very nature of Caliphate and Islamic Empires.

 

Qutub Ad Din consolidated the rule of East (Delhi). Aiybak was succeeded by Aram Shah. As I discussed in previous post, ‘’Kurultay’’ (assembly of Turkic Nobles) assemble to elect the next Monarch. Iltutamish, a Military Commander in Badaun, was elected Sultan to rule the newly consolidated State of Ghaznavids. After the election of Iltutamish, capital was shifted from Lahore to Badaun for four years (1210-1214), later he shifted capital from Badaun to Delhi and Eastern Ghaznavid State will become Delhi Sultanate. Iltutamish got married with the widow of Qutub Ad Din to unite the Turks in his rule. Rukun Ad Din, son of Iltutamish, will succeed his father but he will leave his mother, Shah Turkan, to rule on Sultanate. 

*As the focus of my writings is only present day India, I will discuss about Eastern State of Ghaznavids in upcoming posts. 

   

‘’’’STATE OF GHAZNAVIDS AT WEST’’’’

HOUSE OF SELJUK

In West, Anush Tagin recaptured the Seljuk State from House of Ghor after the assassination of Muhammad Ghor. Seljuk State was founded by two brothers, Tughral Bey and Chagtri Bey, grandsons of Seljuk Bey. Kinik Tribe of Seljuk Bey was a militarily organised tribe with a complete state system. After Battle of Dandanaqan (1940), Tughral Bey secured lands in Ghaznavid State. Alp Arsalan, son of Chaghri Bey, succeeded Tughral Bey and expanded Tughral Bey’s holding by adding Armenia and Georgia. Battle of Manzikert (1071) was turning point for the Seljuk. In this Battle, they gave a decisive defeat to Byzantines and seized Anatolia (present day Turkey), it was an entry of Turks in Asia Minor. Alp Arsalan allowed migrating Turkic Tribes to settle in Anatolia and ‘’Turkification’’ of the region. He authorised the Turkmen Military Generals to carve their own principalities in Anatolia as Atabegs (Beyliks). The Launch of First Crusade (1141), people’s crusade, was a reaction to the defeat of Byzantines in Manzikert. 

Alp Arsalan was succeeded by his son, Malik Shah. Malik appointed Nizam Ul Mulk and Taj Ul Mulk as his Vizier. Nizam Ul Mulk is still debatable in India for his book ‘’Siyasatnama’’. Reign of Malik Shah was the Golden Age of Seljuk. His Vizier, Nizam Ul Mulk founded Nizamiyyah University. After Malik Shah’s death, Ahmad Sanjar was enthroned as Sultan in 1118. Although First Crusade was supressed by Seljuk but they lost territory of Nicea, Konya, Kayseri, Antakya (Antioch) and also the Holy Lands, Palestine, to crusader where they established ‘’Crusaders Kingdom’’. Ahmad Sanjar died in 1157 and Eastern Half of the Sultanate was recaptured by the House of Ghor and Western Atabegs (in Anatolia, Syria, Lebanon) either became ‘’independent’’ or ‘’lost territories to Crusaders’’.

HOUSE OF KHWARAZMIAN 

 After the death of Muhammad Ghori, Anush Tigin Bey, Military Commander of Seljuk at Khwarazmian, succeeded to recapture Western-half of Ghaznavid State under his rule.  He was appointed by Seljuk at Khwarazmian as vassal. After securing formerly Seljuk Sultanate from Ghor, he ruled from Gurganj, Samarkand, Ghazna and finally, Tabriz. Anush Tigin Bey was was succeeded by his son, Qutub Ad Din Mohammad I. They couldn’t consolidate all territories of formerly Seljuk. Western ‘’Beyliks’’ (Provinces) became independent like Sultanate of Rum, Zengids. 

SECOND CRUSADE (1147-1149)

Beyliks who had got independence were- Sultanate of Rum (Turkey and parts of Syria), Khorasani Seljuk, Kermani Seljuk, Salghrid in Iran, Atabegs of Azerbaijan, Atabeylik of Bori in Syria, Ababeylik of Zengi in Al Jazira (Mesopotamia).

 

Atabeg Zengi consolidated his rule and managed to form an alliance with other Atabegs. After consolidating his rule, he moved towards the lost territories of Seljuk to crusaders and recaptured some of them. 

In response to Zengi’s retaliation, Byzantines launched Second Crusade. Atabeg Zengi successfully crushed the Crusade and expanded his Beylik in Egypt. After death of Zengi, he was succeeded by his son, Nur Ad Din. 

Nur Ud Din appointed Shihrukh, a Military Commander in Egypt. Shihrukh and his brother, Najm Ad Din Ayyub, established themselves as vassals of Nur Ad Din in Egyptian territories. 

HOUSE OF AYYUBIDS

Yusuf, popularly known as Salahuddin Ayyubi, succeed his uncle, Shihrukh, and declared himself a Sultan. He also rebelled against Nur Ud Din, executed him and married his widow. Saladin rose to rank in Islamic World due to his military campaigns against Crusaders. He abolished Fatimid Caliphate and realigned the territories with Abbasid Caliphate. In Battle of Hatin (1187), he took control of Palestine from Crusaders, including Jerusalem after 88 years.  Saladin’s descendants weren’t capable rulers and lost to Kipchak Turks. 

HOUSE OF KIPCHAK TURKS (MAMLUKS)

Last and 7th ruler of Ayyubids, As Salih Ayyub, was a weak ruler and facing tough challenges from crusaders. Kipcak Turks, known as Mamluk in Arabic, formed a big army in Egypt against the Crusades. Upon the death of As Salih, his widow, Al Malika Asmat Ad Din, proclaimed herself a Sultana and married the Turkic Military Commander, Izz Al Din Aiybak. After death of Al Malika, Aiybak became the ruler, then his son Al Mansur Ali. Mansur was succeeded by his son, Said Ud Din Qutuz.

   

ARRIVAL OF MONGOLS IN CALIPHATE

Rise of Mongols, under the leadership of Genghis Khan, will change the course of history for Islam and Turks. Except Eastern Ghaznavid State (Delhi Sultanate), Mongols will usurp all the successor states of Ghaznavids; Atabegs of Azerbaijan, Khwarazmian Shah, Khorasani Seljuk, Transoxiana, Zengids and Sultanate of Rum. They came like a storm on all Islamic Lands and butchered everyone who met them on the route. The Capital, Baghdad, was fallen, Caliph was mercilessly butchered and Mongols were on the outskirts of Medina and Mecca. Succeeding Abbasid Caliph took refuge in Cairo, under the patronage of Kipchak Turks. 

Historians are of the opinion that it was a turning point for both Islam and Christianity. After finishing Muslims, Mongols were to move towards Byzantines but Muslims not only protected Islam but Christianity too from the wrath of Mongols that day. Kipchak Turks, rulers of Egypt, gave a decisive defeat to Mongols in Battle of Ain Jalut, at the outskirts of Medina. This defeat shocked Mongols, a first ever defeat in Islamic Lands. Mongol Army led by Kitbuga Noyan, a Naiman Turk, was badly defeated by Mamluks. 

From the East, Eastern Ghaznavid State (Delhi) will push the Mongols. From South, Kipchak Turks, after Battle of Ain Jalut, will push northward. From the West, a relatively small and independent Beylik, Osman Ghazi, successor of Ghaznavid State at Westernmost border, will push eastward. From the North (Present Day Western Russia), Berke Khan, grandson of Genghis Khan, converted to Islam and pushed the Mongols to retreat.  

Haulage Khan, grandson of Genghis Khan got stuck in the Islamic Lands from North, South, East and West. Mongols, butchers of Muslims, too will end up embracing Islam. In History, no one has harmed Muslims the way Mongol did but after embracing Islam, ‘’Turco-Mongol’’ will rule the earth together for centuries.   

 

EASTERN GHAZNAVID STATE (DELHI SULTANATE); A REFUGE OF TURKS/MUSLIMS

The heart of Islam, Baghdad, in the hands of Mongolian enemy, Delhi had a role to play. Migration from all successor states of Ghaznavids took place in East, Eastern State of Ghaznavids (Delhi). Turks in India will form a powerful resisting wall that Mongols could not get through it. 

In upcoming post, I will discuss about the origin of Turks in Central Asia, Turkification of Turan, foundation of Gokturk Empire, Civil War in Turkic Khanate, Disintegration of Gokturks, Annexation of Turkistan in Caliphate, Rise of Mongols and how the Mongols pushed Turkic/Muslim Migration in State Ghaznavids (Delhi).

Turkey

Brothers, my last and concluding remarks- 

1. I believe that Turkey can Legally repeal the Law that was passed by Kemal Paşa. There is no hurdle in it. 

2. Neo-Ottomans have a better understanding of Islam, neither liberal not extremist. 

3. Technology, Turkey is a very advance country. 

4. After Treaty of Lussane is terminated, Turkey will rise as economic giant. 

5. Turkey is connected with historical Ottoman Caliphate. 

6. Neo-Ottomans have a better outreach and their media is highly advanced in Muslim World. 

7. Constantinople (Istanbul) has a historic symbol. 

8. Turkey is the only country which has got support even of Shia. 

9. Pakistan, a Nuclear Power, has supported Turkey. 

10. Iran, a Missile Power, is supporting Turkey. 

11. Malaysia, Indonesia and other Island Muslim Nations are in support of Turkey, very important to rule Sea. 

12. They are going as per the plan. 

As for now, why haven't they made it Caliphate? 

They are waiting for termination of Treaty of Lussane. 

History of Islamic empire in South India Part 3

SERIES ONE  (POST THREE)

‘’Formation of Ghaznavid State’’

 

This is the third post of series one. Series deal with the foundation of ‘’Ghaznavid State’’, first state of Indian Muslims. In Post One, I have explained the motives of this series. In Post Two, I have explained a brief history of Caliphate from State of Medina to Abbasid Revolution- overthrowing the Umayyad Family from the position of Caliphs.  If you haven’t read my previous posts yet, I have mentioned links, as follows, to read in order for you to connect the Post Three-  

Post 1- 

https://m.facebook.com/story.php?story_fbid=243717003474723&id=100035092741319

Post 2- 

https://m.facebook.com/story.php?story_fbid=243773003469123&id=100035092741319

 Abbasid Revolution was not a result of day one. Preparation for the rebellion against the Umayyad, in fact, began right after the Karbala. Is it possible that the Muslims forgive the enemy of House of Mohammad and transformation of Caliphate from Islamic Principles of electing Caliph through Mashawarat to Hereditary appointment? ‘’Arab Hegemony’’, however, a few will disagree, was a factor, at least, in the regions of Persia and Khorasan (include Transoxiana as well), two major Ajami bloc in Caliphate with more Warrior History and Clans. 

 Abu Al-Abbas As Saffah was a Military Commander during the rule of Umayyad’s Sitting Caliph, Marwan II. Al-Abbas rebelled against Marwan and defeated him in a battle near Zab River, North of Baghdad- ended Umayyad Rule. After the accession to the Caliphal Authority, Al-Abbas will change Capital from Damascus (Harran) to Kufa, Anbar and finally, Baghdad for the reasons that majority of his supporters/the rebels were the Persians (Persia was always a Sunni region, recently converted to Shia) and Khorasani. Abbas appointed ‘’Abu Muslim Al Khorasani’’ his Military Commander. Saffah restructured the Caliphate on lines of Iranian/Sasanian lines like the reformation in Bureaucracy, Army, King-size Caliphal Life Style- officially ending ideals of Omar Ibn Al Khattab- and adopting Persian as Second Language. Rustom, Pre-Islamic Persian Holy Warrior, began to be immortalised at place of Salman the Persian, a companion of Mohammad (PBUH).

 It is said that Khorasan never forget favours and betrayals so will be the case with Abassids. Abbasid betrayed the rebel forces by again making the Caliphal Authority Hereditary. Before death, As Saffah appointed his brother, Al-Mansur, and following him, his nephew, Isa Ibn Musa as succeeding Caliph. The Second betrayal for Khorasan was the ‘’assassination of Abu Muslim Al Khorasani’’, the Military Commander, by Al-Mansur, the new Caliph, fearing that Abu Muslim will rebel to the hereditary succession. Uproar, in Khorasan, was brutally supressed and legendary warriors will be butchered mercilessly by Al-Mansur. 

 I think the history of Muslims would have been different if Abu Muslim were not to be assassinated. Khorasan will remember, forever, and will make the ‘Seat of Caliphate’ a grave for Abbasids, until the Ottomans, siblings of Ghaznavids and children of Khorasan, assume the seat. These legendary children of Tur will rebel at the right time and the right opportunity in the years to come. Historically, Turan is an ancient land that include present day Northern Iran, Northern Afghanistan, western half of Pakistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Azerbaijan, Kyrgyzstan, Uyguristan, and Kazakhstan. After Turkification of Turan, it was dominated by Turks for centuries. Firdausi, in Shahnameh, Epic of Kings, writes about Rustom and Afrasiyab. Many Turkic People have claimed themselves to be the descendants of Afrasiyab.   

 7th Caliph of Abbasid Family, Al-Mamun, was an infamous Caliph because he supported Mu’tazilism, imprisoned Imam Ahmad Ibn Hanbal and killed many religious scholars. During a civil war, a Military Commander, Tahir Ibn Husaiyn, helped Al-Mamun to assume position of Caliph against his step brother, Al-Amin. In reward, Al-Mamun appointed him ‘Governor of Khorasan’. After Husaiyn, his descendants assumed the positions and finally declared ‘Independent Emirate’ of ‘’Tahirid Dynasty’’.  It was the first Independent Persian ‘Emirate’. The dynasty adopted Persian as Informal Language, used to speak outside the court, and Pahalvi Script to write Persian. It was succeeded by ‘’Saffarid Dynasty’’ which, in real sense, kicked off ‘’Iranian Intermezzo’’ (Persian Renaissance), on ruins of which all the Sultanates of East and West will be founded in future. Persian was adopted as Court Language and Literature both. Weak Caliphs were forced to ‘’Negotiate’’ with Saffarids and granted them Independent Kingship because Abbasids already had lost the support of Khorasan and Persians were more attracted to the dynasty that kicked off ‘Iranian Intermezzo’. 

 In 900, Ismail Samani, at the Battle of Balkh, defeated Saffarids and assumed the power of the Sultanate. Samanids considered themselves the descendants of Pre-Islamic Sasanian Empire. It was the first completely independent Persian Kings like kingdom.  They, revived Persian Culture more than Buyid Dynasty, a Shia Persian Dynasty emerged after them, and, were in rivalry with the Arab Caliph in Baghdad. Samanids were also a part of ‘’Iranian Intermezzo’’ and they also made few advances that they imposed Persian Language and Culture on Non-Persian subject too in the Sultanate. That, in turn, will lead to formation of ‘’Turco-Persian Culture’’ because the Sultanate ruled on Persia (Southern Iran), Khorasan and Transoxiana (on all lands of Turks). These legendary Turco-Persian children in Khorasan will take seat of Caliphate form Abbasid in centuries to come. They will rule from Bangladesh to Bosnia and Russia to Africa under one flag and will assume the title from ‘’Amir Ul Momineen’’ to ‘’Jahan Padishah’’ (Emperor of the World).  

 Alp Tagin, a Semi- Nomadic Turkic Muslim, was a Military Commander of Turkic Army in Khorasan, and ‘’nominal vassal’’ in Samanid Empire, conquered Ghazna in 962 from Lawik Dynasty. Alp Tagin died shortly after conquering Ghazna. Then, Ghazna was consolidated by his son in law, Subug Tegin. He ruled from the capital, Ghazna, twenty years with a title, the most Noble Commander. Samanids facing challenges from Baghdad and other warlords on western/eastern borders were becoming weak. ‘Karakhanids’’ in Transoxiana rebelled against Samainds and gave an opportunity to consolidate the rule in Ghazna to Subug Tegin. After having taken control of southern provinces (today’s Afghanistan), he consolidated rule of Ghaznavids in whole province of Khorasan and Transxiana. Just like Ertugrul Ghazi, in 1235, who founded Sogut and his son expanded it in Ottoman Empire, Subug Tegin founded Ghazna, in 977, and his son, Mahmood, will expand Ghaznavid Sultanate from Tigris to Ganges (Bangladesh to Eastern Border of Turkey, Syria and Iraq) and Mawra E Nahar to Persian Gulf (From Kazakhstan to Persian Coasts). 

 In Turkic Historiography, Ghaznavid Empire, a precursor of all Muslim Turkic Empires, has foremost importance because it was the first independent Muslim Turco-Persian Empire emerged after Gokturk Empire (first largest empire on earth), a Buddhist Turkic Empire and will unite ancient lands of Turan (Land of Turks). Apart from this, section of legendary children of Ghaznavids, later came to be known as Ottomans, will move westward, due to the rise of Mongols in east, whose descendants will claim the authority of Caliphate in centuries to come. Lastly, Ghaznavids, the Holy Warriors of Turan, will move East of Indus ‘’to liberate Dalits from slavery of Brahmans’’ and to settle in India forever that will form a New Civilisation on Earth, the ‘’Ganga Jamuni Taheeb’’ and give birth to ‘’Urdu Language’’.       

Allama Iqbal said- 

Dasht To Dasht Hain, Dariya Bhi Na Chhode Hamne, 

Behr E Zulmaat Mein, Doda Diye Ghode Hamne.

aaj ka gyan ...

Thinking through your own thoughts before just blurting them out is no philosophy. It's a conscious decision/choice whereby you take individual responsibility to your opinions. Sloppy, herd opinions tend to confuse even the one who uttered it when he/she is questioned further. 

~khadija rahman

Hindus in muslim countries

6.3 million Hindus live and work in Saudi Arabia.

1.6 million in Oman.

1.1 million in Kuwait.

0.9 million in Bahrain.

1.3 million in Qatar

9.0million in UAE!

Also hindus live in Malaysia, Indonesia in millions

5 million hindus live in Pakistan

5 million in Bangladesh

And in many more muslim countries

No one forced and told any Hindus to say "Allah Hu Akbar" Or to go back to India.

No one threatened or harmed a single Hindu in the name of Religion.

Several Hindus live next to mosques in Gulf, they have no problems.

Not a Single Incident Of Mob Lynching Happened With Any of those Hindus.

*-Why Hindu extremists are lynching Muslims in India?*

*-Who is responsible for this?*

*-Has India taken any tangible actions to stop this barbarianism?*

*-Has India punished the responsible culprits and facilitators?*

*-What role has UNESCO/UNO played to stop this brutal abuse?*

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History of muslim scientist part 2

SERIES TWO (POST TWO)

In previous post of this series, I have discussed the objectives of series two. It is to develop Scientific Temperament among Muslims. We, Muslims, were the people who laid foundation of today's modern sciences but due to many political, social and cultural disturbances in Caliphate, the modern science was further developed by the Europeans in Renaissance. Muslims laid the foundation and Westerners constructed a building on it 

This is the first post on a particular issue in this series and I have chosen this issue for three reasons 1. One of my favourite character in Ertugrul Ressurection was of Ibn Al Arabi is a character in this post as well, 2. To highlight the role of Women in Caliphate; it is not restricted to cooking food and serving man, 3. Foundation of Modern Universities is not a European Origin but Islamic. 

University of Qarawiyyin in Fes, Morocco Was founded by Fatima Binte Al Fihri in 859 AD (1161 Years ago) under the Caliphate of Abassids. According to UNESCO and Guinness Book of the World Records, it is the "Oldest Continuously Existing" University of the World.  According to Encyclopedia of Britannica, Universities in Europe are not of European Origin but came after Africa and Aisa. 

Fatima was among the two daughters of a rich merchant, Al Fihri. Both sisters inherited a large amount of money from her father. Fatima decided to spend her money on developments of schools in the region and founded University of Qarawiyyin. University will give the Islamic World prominent scholars. Muslims of Spain used to study in this University and one among them was a Prominent and my favourite character in Ertugrul Ressurection- Ibn E Al Arabi. 

Arabi either have taught in the school or have studied from here. It is not yet clear but Arabi was associated with the University. Apart from Arabi, University gave us Omar Khayyam, Ibn E Rushayd Al Sabti (1321), Mohammed Ibn E Al Hajj Al-Abdari Al-Fari (1336), Abu Imran Al-Fasi (1015), Jonas Leo Africanus, a renowned traveler, Al Idrissi (1166), Ibn E Al Khatib, Alpetragius, Ibn Hirzihim, Al Wazzan, famous Jewish Philosopher, Maimonides, and Fatima Al-Kabbaj. 

University Library still has original copy of Ibn Khaldoon's book, Al-Ibar, and Malik Ibn E Anas's book, Al-Muwatta. Subjects taught in the University were Quran, Islamic Jurisprudence, Grammar, Rhetoric, Logic, Medicine, Mathematics and Astronomy. During Colonial Era, British tried to attack the University but it was survived by the struggle of students.  Morocco has much better Universities now in infrastructure, facilities and courses but importance of University of Qarawiyyin can't be neglected. "She gave us the people who shaped us". 

In my upcoming posts in this series, I will discuss about the popular Institutions in the Caliphate and Scholars of Islamic Age. If you like the efforts, please let me know in the comment box. You can also copy and paste these posts on your wall.

history of muslim scientist part 1

SERIES TWO (POST ONE)

We, Indian Muslims, are passing through a critical time. We are going through oppressions, mental trauma and shock. Things are unfolding before us which we had never thought but Allah is the best planner. If he has allowed the Anti-Muslim forces to kill us, he must have a reason. He is the one who says be it and it happens. We must be thankful to Allah that he chose us, our generation, to see these changes and fight for revival of Islam. 

Resurrection is a long process. It doesn't happen in a day or two. Sometimes, it takes a century, sometimes a month or year. Our system was buried by the Westerners a century ago but it is the high time that we must ponder the reasons of our defeat. One such reason was our Ignorance to Science, some accuse Al Ghazali for this ignorance but it is not true. These were the Mongols who had destroyed our libraries, observatories and laboratories. Second reason was political rivalries in the Caliphate and weakened powers of Caliph. 

Since the consolidation of Islamic State, we had been teaching science to Europe. When Muslims had Astronomical Observatories, studying science was banned in Europe and at that time, Muslim Scientists were enlisting New Discoveries for the Mankind in Medical, Biology, Astronomy, Mathematics, Natural Science, Tourism, Geography. In many fields, our scientists became the founding father. 

Left by us, the lead of Science was taken by the Europeans. After having lost wars for centuries, they worked hard on scientific developments and kicked off the Renaissance. Just like the Renaissance of Europeans, Muslim World is also thirsting a renaissance. No matter you have better ethics, social organisation, political arrangements, World is always ruled by the "Most Powerful". We ruled Earth because we had most modern weaponry, the Gun Powders. They are ruling because they have "Nuclear Power". 

In Series One of my posts, I have been writing about the foundation of Our State, the Ghaznavids, and it's expansion towards west and east. The Second Series, I am dedicating to the Muslim Scientists from the Caliphate of Rashidoon to present day. 

Let's see how much West has "plagiarized" from us, without mentioning Islam in reference. I will be writing about the Muslim Scientists, their discoveries and theories in my upcoming posts. Be in touch. 

Picture used in this post is of Statue of Firdousi in Iran.